{"id":1222,"date":"2023-08-11T11:56:05","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T03:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/?p=1222"},"modified":"2023-08-11T11:56:05","modified_gmt":"2023-08-11T03:56:05","slug":"%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e8%b7%a8%e5%a2%83%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%bd%91%e5%85%b3-%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e5%9b%bd%e5%ae%b6%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e5%a2%99-%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e9%95%bf%e5%9f%8e-gfw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/?p=1222","title":{"rendered":"\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173 &#8211; \u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u9632\u706b\u5899 &#8211; \u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce &#8211; GFW"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-1\">GFW \u7b80\u4ecb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cac.gov.cn\/2021-11\/14\/c_1638501991577898.htm\">\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u300b<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;2021\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e00\u6761<\/strong>&nbsp;\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173\uff0c\u5bf9\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5883\u5916\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u7981\u6b62\u53d1\u5e03\u6216\u8005\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e88\u4ee5\u963b\u65ad\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u5f97\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u4e8e\u7a7f\u900f\u3001\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7ebf\u8def\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e3a\u7a7f\u900f\u3001\u7ed5\u8fc7\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u63a5\u5165\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u3001\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u63a8\u5e7f\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u7ed3\u7b97\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7b49\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5883\u5185\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u5883\u5185\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0d\u5f97\u88ab\u8def\u7531\u81f3\u5883\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e03\u5341\u4e09\u6761<\/strong>&nbsp;\uff08\u5341\u4e00\uff09\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173\u662f\u6307\u963b\u65ad\u8bbf\u95ee\u5883\u5916\u53cd\u52a8\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u6709\u5bb3\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u6765\u81ea\u5883\u5916\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u3001\u7ba1\u63a7\u8de8\u5883\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3001\u9632\u8303\u4fa6\u67e5\u6253\u51fb\u8de8\u5883\u7f51\u7edc\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5b89\u5168\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aGreat Firewall\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7b80\u79f0\uff1aGFW\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u4fd7\u79f0\u5899\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u957f\u57ce\u3001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-2\">\u4e3b\u8981\u6280\u672f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-3\">\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u7f13\u5b58\u6c61\u67d3 \uff08DNS\u6c61\u67d3\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-4\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f DNS \uff08\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/cn\/route53\/what-is-dns\/\">AWS-Amazon<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Internet \u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u4ece\u60a8\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u6216\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u5230\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u5927\u91cf\u96f6\u552e\u7f51\u7ad9\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u5747\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u53f7\u5bfb\u627e\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u5e76\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u53f7\u79f0\u4e3a IP \u5730\u5740\u3002\u5f53\u60a8\u6253\u5f00 Web \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e76\u524d\u5f80\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u957f\u7f16\u53f7\u3002\u800c\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u57df\u540d\uff08\u5982 example.com\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DNS \u670d\u52a1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u7403\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u540d\u79f0 (\u5982 www.example.com) \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57 IP \u5730\u5740 (\u5982 192.0.2.1)\uff0c\u4f9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u3002Internet \u7684 DNS \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u7535\u8bdd\u7c3f\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u3002DNS \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c06\u540d\u79f0\u8bf7\u6c42\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u5728 Web \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u57df\u540d\u65f6\u6240\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u79f0\u4e3a\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-5\">\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u7f13\u5b58\u6c61\u67d3 \/ DNS\u52ab\u6301<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>DNS\u52ab\u6301\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u501f\u7531\u5176\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e2d\u7684<strong>\u7279\u6b8a\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff0c\u53d1\u9001\u6bd4\u771f\u5b9e\u7684DNS\u56de\u5e94\u66f4\u65e9\u5230\u8fbe\u653b\u51fb\u76ee\u6807\u7684<strong>\u4f2a\u9020DNS\u56de\u5e94<\/strong>\u3002 \u4e00\u90e8\u8fde\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9012\u5f52DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u5ba2\u6237\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7684\u57df\u540d\u6682\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7f13\u5b58\u6c61\u67d3\u653b\u51fb\u5c31\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7528\u6237\u6216\u4e0b\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u7684\u5728<code>UDP<\/code>\u7684<code>53<\/code>\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u7684\u57df\u540d\u67e5\u8be2\u8fdb\u884cIDS\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u57df\u540d\u67e5\u8be2\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f1a\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u89e3\u6790\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6ce8\u5165\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u4ec5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728DNS\u67e5\u8be2\u4e4b\u8def\u7531\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u65f6<strong>[\u6ce8 1]<\/strong>\u3002\u4f2a\u9020\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>[\u6ce8 1]:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u8be2\u5f53\u5730\u7684DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6536\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u57df\u540d\u89e3\u6790\u7f13\u5b58\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u5176\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u7684DNS\u52ab\u6301\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9DNS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8eTCP\u534f\u8bae\u4e0b\u7684\u57df\u540d\u67e5\u8be2(DoT: DNS over TLS)\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528TCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-6\">IP\u5730\u5740\u6216\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u7aef\u53e3\u5c01\u9501<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u62e6\u622a\u884c\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868<\/strong>\uff08<code>ACL<\/code>\uff09\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5c01\u9501\u7279\u5b9a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5ef6\u4f38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u9501\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\uff08<code>TCP<\/code>\u6216<code>UDP<\/code>\uff09\u7684<strong>\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684<\/strong>\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u7684<code>ACL<\/code>\u5339\u914d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8def\u7531\u6269\u6563\u6280\u672f\u5c01\u9501\u7279\u5b9aIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u62e6\u622a\u7684IP\u5730\u5740<strong>\u914d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u7a7a\u8def\u7531<\/strong>\u3001<strong>\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong>\u6216<strong>\u7279\u522b\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u57df\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u4e0a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u5c06\u76f8\u5e94\u914d\u7f6e\u8def\u7531\u6269\u6563\u5230\u516c\u4f17\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u5c06\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\u62e6\u622a\u884c\u4e3a\u8f6c\u4e3a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u8f6c\u53d1\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u62e6\u622a\u6548\u7387\u3002\u591a\u89c1\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e3b\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cfIP\u5730\u5740\u6bb5\u7684\u9700\u8981\u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u81ea\u6cbb\u57df\u7684\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u65b0\u63a5\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u63a7\u7ba1\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5b50\u7f51\u6216\u8005AS\u57df\uff0c\u5c06\u8981\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u914d\u7f6e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b50\u7f51\u6216\u8005AS\u57df\u5185\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5229\u7528<strong>\u52a8\u6001\u8def\u7531\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u81ea\u52a8\u8bc6\u522b\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728\u51fa\u5165\u53e3\u8def\u7531\u5668\u4e0a\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u53d7\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8def\u7531\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c06\u81ea\u6cbb\u57df\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d7\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8f6c\u5165\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a7\u7ba1\u5b50\u7f51\u6216\u8005AS\u57df\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u53d7\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u5730\u5740\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236 \u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-7\">\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\uff08BGP\uff09\u52ab\u6301<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\uff08BGP\uff09\u52ab\u6301\u662f\u6307\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf<strong>\u9519\u8bef\u5ba3\u79f0<\/strong>IP\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8def\u7531\u8868\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u975e\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u76ee\u7684\u5730<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bgp\">BGP<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1a<code>Border Gateway 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id=\"\u80cc\u666f\">\u80cc\u666f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e3b\u673a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9001\u7ed9\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u518d\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u7ed9\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u987a\u5229\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u4e3b\u673a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9a\u671f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u3002\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u524d\u7f00\u7684IP\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u5bb6\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08<code>AS<\/code>\uff09\u62e5\u6709\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5668\u7684\u8def\u7531\u8868\u901a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u80fd\u8ba9\u8def\u7531\u8868\u5185\u4fdd\u5b58\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u7531\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8fb9\u754c\u7f51\u5173\u534f\u8bae\u6765\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u54ea\u4e9bIP\u524d\u7f00\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u679cIP\u524d\u7f00<code>192.0.2.0\/24<\/code>\u4f4d\u4e8e<code>AS 64496<\/code>\u5185\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u81ea\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u5c06\u5411\u5176\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411<code>192.0.2.0\/24<\/code>\u53d1\u9001\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u52ab\u6301\">\u52ab\u6301<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u52ab\u6301\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul 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class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-8\">\u9ed1\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c01\u5305\u820d\u5f03\u653b\u51fb\u6216\u9ed1\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u5728\u7535\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u501f\u7531<strong>\u4e22\u5f03\u5c01\u5305<\/strong>\u7684<strong>\u963b\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u6027\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u5740\uff0c\u6bcfn\u4e2a\u5c01\u5305\u548c\u6bcft\u79d2\uff0c\u6216\u4e71\u6570\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5c01\u5305\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f5c<strong>\u7070\u6d1e\u653b\u51fb<\/strong>\uff09\u6216\u6210\u6279\u7684\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u820d\u5f03\u6240\u6709\u5c01\u5305\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-9\">\u9488\u5bf9TCP\u548cUDP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5c01\u9501<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>2011\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9Google\u90e8\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\u5b9e\u65bd\u81ea\u52a8\u5c01\u9501\uff08\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\uff09\u67d0\u4e9b\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6309\u65f6\u6bb5\u5bf9www.google.com\uff08\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u6240\u6709Google\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\u9700\u6b64\u57df\u540d\u52a0\u5bc6\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff09\u548cmail.google.com\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684443\u7aef\u53e3\u5b9e\u65bd\u81ea\u52a8\u5c01\u9501\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u6bcf10\u621615\u5206\u949f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u901a\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u65ad\u5f00\uff0c10\u621615\u5206\u949f\u540e\u518d\u8fde\u901a\uff0c\u518d\u65ad\u5f00\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7528\u6237\u548cGoogle\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u51fa\u73b0<strong>\u95f4\u6b47\u6027\u4e2d\u65ad<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5404\u9879\u52a0\u5bc6\u670d\u52a1\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002Google\u6307\u8d23\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c01\u9501\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aGmail\u5e76\u975e\u88ab\u5b8c\u5168\u963b\u65ad\uff0c\u8425\u9020\u51faGoogle\u670d\u52a1\u201c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u7684<strong>\u5047\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u597d\u50cf\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u81eaGoogle\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2014\u5e745\u670827\u65e5\u8d77\uff0cGmail\u7f51\u9875\u7248\u768480\u548c443\u7aef\u53e3\u88ab\u5c4f\u853d\u30022014\u5e7412\u670826\u65e5\u8d77\uff0cGmail\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6240\u7528\u7684<code>IMAP\/SMTP\/POP3<\/code>\u7aef\u53e3\u4e5f\u88ab\u5c4f\u853d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236QoS\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e72\u6270\u5411\u5883\u5916\u7684UDP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528<code>HTTP\/3\uff08QUIC\uff09<\/code>\u534f\u8bae\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-10\">TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u7f6e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>TCP<\/code>\u91cd\u7f6e\u662f<code>TCP<\/code>\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u6216\u8005\u5176\u5b83\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u7b26\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684TCP\u534f\u8bae\u6808\u5c31\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a<code>RESET<\/code>\u901a\u77e5\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1<code>RESET<\/code>\u529f\u80fd\u672c\u6765\u7528\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u4f8b\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u610f\u5916\u91cd\u542f\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u5207\u65adTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6bd4\u8fde\u63a5\u53cc\u65b9\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u53d1\u9001\u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u7f6e\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fde\u63a5\u53cc\u65b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65b9\u7ec8\u6b62\u4e86\u8fde\u63a5\u800c\u81ea\u884c\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u8fd9\u79cd\u653b\u51fb\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\uff1a<strong>\u6df1\u5ea6\u5305\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-11\">TCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u653b\u51fb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>TCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u653b\u51fb\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4f2a\u9020\u7684TCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u5305\u5e72\u6270\u7528\u6237\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5584\u610f\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5ba1\u67e5\u6216\u662f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u6076\u610f\u4e2d\u65adTCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65c1\u89c2\u8005\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884cTCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u6765\u963b\u65ad\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tcp\u91cd\u7f6e\">TCP\u91cd\u7f6e<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4f20\u8f93\u63a7\u5236\u534f\u8bae\uff08TCP\uff09\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u6d41\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\u5305\u5934\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u5934\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u590d\u4f4d\u201d\uff08<code>RST<\/code>\uff09\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u6548\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6b64\u4f4d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5219\u5411\u63a5\u6536\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6307\u793a\u8be5\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e94\u7acb\u5373\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528TCP\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b\u5b83\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u53f7\uff08\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\u53d1\u9001\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u4e22\u5f03\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5e26\u6709\u5305\u5934\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u5934\u6307\u793a\u5b83\u4eec\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u3002TCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u7ec8\u6b62TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5728\u8fdb\u884cTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aA\uff09\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aB\uff09\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u9001TCP\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aA\u5df2\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u91cd\u65b0\u542f\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aA\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4ece\u65e7\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\u524d\u8fde\u63a5\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aA\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aB\u53d1\u9001TCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u3002\u6b64\u91cd\u7f6e\u4f7f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aB\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u518d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aB\u4e0a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5176\u4ed6\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u91c7\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u4f2a\u9020tcp\u91cd\u7f6e\">\u4f2a\u9020TCP\u91cd\u7f6e<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cTCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u662f\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u7aef\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u89c6\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u7684TCP\u6570\u636e\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5305\u542bTCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u7684\u201c\u4f2a\u9020\u201d\u6570\u636e\u5305\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u7aef\u70b9\u3002\u4f2a\u9020\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u62a5\u5934\u5fc5\u987b\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u6765\u81ea\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f2a\u9020\u8005\u3002\u6b64\u4fe1\u606f\u5305\u62ec\u7aef\u70b9IP\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002IP\u548cTCP\u5305\u5934\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u4f2a\u9020\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u4f2a\u91cd\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b3a\u9a97\u7aef\u70b9\u5173\u95edTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u6b63\u786e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u4f2a\u9020TCP\u91cd\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2d\u65ad\u4f2a\u9020\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u76d1\u89c6\u7684\u4efb\u4f55TCP\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-12\">\u72b6\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u72b6\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\uff1aStateful firewall\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u68c0\u67e5\uff08stateful packet inspection\uff0c\u7f29\u5199\u4e3aSPI\uff09\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u67e5\u770b\uff08stateful inspection\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6301\u7eed\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7a7f\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u7ebf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982TCP\u4e0eUDP\u8fde\u7ebf\uff09\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9632\u706b\u5899\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u8fde\u7ebf\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e0b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u4e3b\u52a8\u8fde\u7ebf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7a7f\u8fc7\u9632\u706b\u5899\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u68c0\u67e5\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5305\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff08Dynamic Packet Filtering\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\">\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u72b6\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u76d1\u89c6\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982TCP\u6d41\u3001UDP\u6570\u636e\u548cICMP\u6d88\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a<code>LISTEN<\/code>,&nbsp;<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>, \u6216\u8005<code>CLOSING<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6309\u7167\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u4e2d\u4e3a\u5404TCP\u6d41\u6216\u8005UDP\u6570\u636e\u521b\u5efa\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u51e1\u5728\u8868\u4e2d\u7684<code>session<\/code>\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u5305\u90fd\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5c11CPU\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u4e2a<code>session<\/code>\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6bd4\u5982TCP\u662f\u9762\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176<code>session<\/code>\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u8def\u63e1\u624b\u7684SYN\u6d88\u606f\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u7531FIN\u6d88\u606f\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u4f55\u65f6\u4ece\u8868\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664<code>session<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6\u518d\u79fb\u9664\u3002UDP\u662f\u65e0\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u9001\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e00\u4e2aUDP\u7684<code>session<\/code>\u53ea\u6709\u7b49\u5f85\u8d85\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff0cUDP\u6253\u6d1e\u5c31\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u8bbe\u7acb\u96a7\u9053\u3002ICMP\u6d88\u606f\u4e0eTCP\u548cUDP\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u4f20\u9012\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982<code>ping<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u3002ICMP\u56de\u590d\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u3002\u6709\u65f6UDP\u901a\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528ICMP\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b<code>session<\/code>\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u548c\u67d0UDP&nbsp;<code>session<\/code>\u6709\u5173\u7684ICMP\u56de\u590d\u4e5f\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-13\">\u6df1\u5ea6\u5305\u68c0\u6d4b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6df1\u5ea6\u62a5\u6587\u68c0\u6d4b\uff08Deep packet inspection, DPI\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u4fa6\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u5165\u4fb5\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u6d41\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u3002\u5c31\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u201d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u68c0\u6d4b\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u8f83\u666e\u901a\u7684\u62a5\u6587\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0cDPI\u53ef\u5bf9\u62a5\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u534f\u8bae\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\uff0cDPI\u4e00\u5ea6\u88abISP\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u5176\u5e7f\u544a\u63a8\u9001\u4e1a\u52a1\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u5219\u88ab\u5f00\u653e\u7f51\u7edc\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f1a\u89c6\u4e3a\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u57ce\u8d56\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u53ca\u55c5\u63a2\u52a0\u5bc6\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff09\u53ca\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u4e14\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u4ece\u5b9e\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5224\u522b\u51fa\u6709\u6096\u4e8e\u9884\u671f\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u53ef\u7591\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6b64\u53ca\u65f6\u4f5c\u51fa\u5ba1\u67e5\u8005\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-14\">TLS\u7ad9\u70b9\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>2013\u5e741\u670826\u65e5\uff0c\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5728\u8bbf\u95eeGitHub\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u8bc1\u4e66\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u7ecf\u68c0\u67e5\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cGitHub\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u81ea\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684<code>X.509<\/code>\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a2013\u5e741\u670825\u65e5\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u671f\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6545\u6709\u4eba\u63a8\u6d4bGitHub\u7591\u4f3c\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002 GreatFire\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653b\u51fb\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea2014\u5e748\u670828\u65e5\u8d77\uff0c\u539f\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<strong>IPv6<\/strong>\u76f4\u8fdeGoogle\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7f51\uff08<code>CERNET<\/code>\uff09\u5185\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7https\u8fde\u63a5<em><code>.google.com.<\/code><\/em>\u7b49\u7f51\u9875\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6536\u5230SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5www.google.com.hk\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fde\u63a5\u5747\u6536\u5230\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u8fde\u63a5\u4f8b\u5982<code>ipv6.google.com<\/code>\u548c<code>accounts.google.com<\/code>\u4e5f\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4f46\u653b\u51fb\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u51e0\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u4f2a\u9020\u7684SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\u663e\u793a\u5176\u4e3agoogle.com\uff0c\u9881\u53d1\u673a\u6784\u5373\u4e3a\u5176\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8bc1\u4e66\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u8c37\u6b4c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\uff08<code>MITM attack<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2015\u5e741\u670817\u65e5\uff0cOutlook\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"toc-heading-15\">\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u90e8\u7f72<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u636e2010\u5e74\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u6570\u767e\u53f0\u66d9\u51494000L\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/googles.plus\/images\/Topology_of_the_Chinese_firewall.avif\" alt=\"\u5178\u578b\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u56fe \uff08\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u9aa8\u5e72\u7f51\u51fa\u53e3\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7701\uff09\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u5178\u578b\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u9632\u706b\u5899\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u56fe \uff08\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u9aa8\u5e72\u7f51\u51fa\u53e3\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u53f0\u6e7e\u7701\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GFW \u7b80\u4ecb \u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b\uff08\u5f81\u6c42\u610f\u89c1\u7a3f\uff09\u300b&nbsp;2021\u5e7411\u670814\u65e5 \u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e00\u6761&nbsp; &#8230; <a title=\"\u6570\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173 &#8211; \u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u9632\u706b\u5899 &#8211; \u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce &#8211; GFW\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/?p=1222\" aria-label=\"\u9605\u8bfb \u6570\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u5b89\u5168\u7f51\u5173 &#8211; \u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u9632\u706b\u5899 &#8211; \u9632\u706b\u957f\u57ce &#8211; GFW\">\u9605\u8bfb\u66f4\u591a<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-airy-tech"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1222"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1223,"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1222\/revisions\/1223"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/airy.cn\/WordPress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}